Infer patterns of inheritance and predict frequencies of genotypes and phenotypes from genetic data, including - histograms (polygenic inheritance) - pedigrees (dominant/recessive, autosomal/sex-linked) - Punnett squares (dominant/recessive, autosomal/sex-linked and multiple-allele inheritance).

A Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous parents for a gene with two alleles (A and a) is shown below. Which genotypic ratio is represented by the offspring?

In pea plants, flower colour is determined by a single gene with two alleles. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. A pea plant breeder crosses two plants and observes that approximately 75% of the offspring have purple flowers and 25% have white flowers. (a) Infer the genotypes of both parents. (b) Justify your inference using the expected phenotypic ratio.

A histogram shows the distribution of ear length in a population of maize plants. The distribution is approximately normally distributed and spans from 6 cm to 14 cm, with a mean of 10 cm. Infer what type of inheritance pattern this trait exhibits. Justify your response.

A Punnett square is used to predict the offspring of a cross between two bean plants. One parent is heterozygous for pod colour (Gg) and produces green pods. The other parent is homozygous recessive (gg) and produces yellow pods. Which ratio of phenotypes would be predicted from this testcross?