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Chemistry · Unit 3 · Chemical equilibrium systems · Chemical equilibrium

Explain the Brønsted-Lowry model using chemical equations that illustrate the transfer of hydrogen ions (protons) between conjugate acid-base pairs.

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Question 1

In the reaction \(\text{HNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{NH}_3(\text{aq}) \rightleftharpoons \text{NO}_3^-(\text{aq}) + \text{NH}_4^+(\text{aq})\), which statement correctly identifies a conjugate acid-base pair?

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Question 2

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) reacts with water according to the equation: \( \text{HF}(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_3\text{O}^{+}(aq) + \text{F}^{-}(aq) \) In this reaction, which pair correctly identifies the Brønsted-Lowry acid and its conjugate base?

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Question 3

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) that illustrates the Brønsted-Lowry model. Identify the conjugate base of HF in this reaction.

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Explain that, over time, physical change and reversible chemical reactions reach a state of dynamic equilibrium in a closed system, with the relative concentrations of products and reactants defining the position of equilibrium.
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