Understand the meaning of angles of latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees, and degrees and minutes) in relation to the equator and the prime meridian respectively.

Four marine research vessels are conducting surveys in different ocean regions. Their positions are recorded in the table below. (a) Convert the position of Vessel P from degrees and minutes to decimal degrees, correct to two decimal places. (1 mark) (b) Determine which vessel is furthest north. (1 mark) (c) Calculate the difference in longitude, in decimal degrees, between Vessel R and Vessel S. (1 mark) (d) State which vessel is closest to the prime meridian and justify your answer. (1 mark)

A surveyor records the coordinates of three locations as follows: • Location P: $32.5° \text{ S}, 151.25° \text{ E}$ • Location Q: $32° 30' \text{ S}, 151° 15' \text{ E}$ • Location R: $32° 15' \text{ S}, 151° 45' \text{ E}$ (a) Convert the latitude and longitude of Location P to degrees and minutes format. (1 mark) (b) Convert the latitude and longitude of Location Q to decimal degrees. (1 mark) (c) Which location is closer to the equator? Show your reasoning. (1 mark)

Three weather monitoring stations are located at the following coordinates: • Station P: latitude $35°24'\text{S}$, longitude $149°10'\text{E}$ • Station Q: latitude $27.65°\text{S}$, longitude $153.05°\text{E}$ • Station R: latitude $37.8°\text{S}$, longitude $144.95°\text{E}$ (a) Convert the latitude of Station P to decimal degrees. (1 mark) (b) Convert the latitude of Station Q to degrees and minutes format. (1 mark) (c) Which station is closest to the equator? Justify your answer by comparing the latitudes. (1 mark)