Describe the concepts of thermal energy, temperature, kinetic energy, heat and internal energy.

A sealed glass flask containing air is placed in a water bath. The water bath temperature is gradually increased from 20°C to 80°C. A pressure sensor records the air pressure inside the flask, which rises from 101 kPa to 113 kPa. The flask remains sealed throughout. Describe the energy transfer processes occurring in this scenario, using the terms thermal energy, temperature, kinetic energy, heat and internal energy.

A metal block at 80°C is placed in contact with an identical metal block at 20°C in an insulated container. After several minutes, both blocks reach 50°C. Describe the relationship between heat, thermal energy and internal energy during this process.