Solve problems involving the refraction of light at the boundary between two mediums using sin 𝑖 sin 𝑟 = 𝑣1 𝑣2 = 𝜆1 𝜆2 = 𝑛2 𝑛1.

A ray of monochromatic light travels from air into glass at an angle of incidence of 40°. The angle of refraction is measured as 25°. Identify the medium in which the light travels faster, and state the ratio of the two speeds.

A beam of monochromatic light travels from air into a transparent material. The wavelength of the light in air is 589 nm and the wavelength in the material is 412 nm. The refractive index of air is 1.00. Calculate the refractive index of the material. Show your working.

Calculate the angle of refraction when monochromatic light travels from diamond (refractive index n₁ = 2.42) into an unknown material at an incident angle of 28.0°. The wavelength of the light in diamond is 265 nm and increases to 371 nm in the unknown material.

Calculate the angle of refraction when a ray of light travels from air (refractive index 1.00) into glass (refractive index 1.50) at an angle of incidence of 60°.