Use digital and other measuring devices to collect data, ensuring measurements are recorded using the correct symbol, SI unit, number of significant figures and associated measure ment uncertainty (absolute and percentage); all experimental measurements should be recorded in this way.

A student uses a digital thermometer to measure the initial temperature of water in a calorimetry experiment. The thermometer displays 22.4°C with a manufacturer-stated uncertainty of ±0.2°C. State how this measurement should be recorded, including the appropriate symbol, SI unit and absolute uncertainty.

A student investigates the specific heat capacity of copper by heating a 250 g metal block using an immersion heater. The apparatus includes a digital thermometer (±0.5 °C), electronic balance (±0.01 g), stopwatch (±0.01 s), and a power supply delivering 45 W to the heater. The student records an initial temperature of 21.3 °C and a final temperature of 38.7 °C after 180 s of heating. Justify whether the mass measurement contributes the largest percentage uncertainty to the final calculated specific heat capacity.

A student measures the diameter of a cylindrical rod using a digital calliper. The calliper displays a reading of 12.34 mm and has a manufacturer's uncertainty of ±0.02 mm. Which of the following represents the correctly recorded measurement with its absolute uncertainty?